From
the 1880s into the 1960s, a majority of American states enforced
segregation through "Jim Crow" laws. From Delaware to
California, and from North Dakota to Texas, many states (and cities,
too) could impose legal punishments on people for being together with
members of another race. The most common types of laws forbade
intermarriage and ordered business owners and public institutions to
keep their “colored” and white clientele separated. Here is a
sampling of laws from various states.
Buses: All passenger stations in this state operated by any motor transportation company shall have separate waiting rooms or space and separate ticket windows for the white and colored races. Alabama
Intermarriage:
The marriage of a person of Caucasian blood with a Negro, Mongolian,
Malay, or Hindu shall be null and void. Arizona
Education:
The schools for white children and the schools for negro children
shall be conducted separately. Florida
Restaurants:
All persons licensed to conduct a restaurant, shall serve either
white people exclusively or colored people exclusively and shall not
sell to the two races within the same room or serve the two races
anywhere under the same license. Georgia
Railroads:
The conductors or managers on all such railroads shall have power,
and are hereby required, to assign to each white or colored passenger
his or her respective car, coach or compartment. If the passenger
fails to disclose his race, the conductor and managers, acting in
good faith, shall be the sole judges of his race. Virginia
Libraries: The state librarian is directed to fit up and maintain a separate place for the use of the colored people who may come to the library for the purpose of reading books or periodicals. North Carolina
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