Sample Identifications for Test on
Medieval Europe
Holy Land
The Holy Land is the home land of Jews
including Jerusalem that was founded by King David. It was the home
of King Solomon's Temple and the place where Jesus was crucified. It
was also the site of Muhammad's night journey, and therefor it is
considered an important holy place for all three religions,
Christianity, Judaism, and Islam.
Caffa
Caffa was occupied by the Genoans in
the mid-1300s and was built to be a major trading post but the
Viennese allied with Tatars to take over the city. The Tatars
dropped the chopped up bodies of plague infected soldiers into the
city and the infested Genoans fled by sea to other parts of Europe
where they spread the plague. The Black Death caused a huge amount of
death in Europe from 1348 – 1350 and later changed the societies in
Europe and caused the rise of the middle class.
Feudalism
Is is a political and social system of
medieval Europe with four classes: king, nobles, knights and serfs
who couldn't live without each other. The king gave lands to nobles
who were loyal to the king and the nobles gave lands to knights who
gave military service to nobles while the lords gave land to the
peasants in exchange for labor. People were born into their class and
there was little social mobility or prosperity.
7 Sacraments
The seven sacraments are the 7 rites
that Christians do in their life to be holy, such as marriage and
communion. The 7 Sacraments shape medieval Europe and made church
powerful, because only priests could perform these rites, and without
them, a person could not go to heaven. People had a fear of Hell, so
they dedicated themselves to these sacraments.
Pope Urban II
After the Byzantine Emperor asked him
for help in defeating the Turks, Pope Urban II was the pope who
started the first crusade by playing on men's guilt, invoking pity
for Christians, threatening damnation and offering reward like booty
and salvation to those who agreed to fight in the crusades. He wanted
to offer a diversion for knights from constant warfare in Europe and
to unify Europe against an exterior threat.
People's Crusade
The People's crusade was begun by Peter
the Hermit and fought by people who were from all levels in the
society including knights and commoners in 1096 for six months. 30000
people in the crusade had little money and food, no military
experience and poor leadership, so they massacred thousands of Jews,
pillaged and destroyed towns until they were defeated and killed by
the Turks. Though this crusade failed, it was the prelude of the
first crusade which succeeded.
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